Abstract: As Moore’s Law comes to a close, new innovative approaches to microelectronics research are important to achieve much needed capabilities improvements in computing for both artificial intelligence and modeling and simulation applications. In this talk, I will introduce the concept of probabilistic neuromorphic computing, a new approach to microelectronics and computing that takes advantage of the natural stochasticity of physical devices as a source of randomness for advanced computing applications. Our project, COINFLIPS (short for Co-designed Improved Neural Foundations Leveraging Inherent Physics Stochasticity), focuses on developing new probabilistic computing technologies that bridge across materials science, device physics, computer architecture, and theoretical algorithms research. This research aims to have long-term impacts on uncertainty-aware artificial intelligence and probabilistic modeling and simulation capabilities.