Today, is our final lecture. Today, we conclude our incredible exploration through time, across the universe, and deep into the mysteries of the remarkable planet we know as Earth, with today’s lecture focused on sustainability science and the future Earth system. We will explore Earth as a socio-ecological system and learn new frameworks and concepts in sustainability science, including the FEW nexus, circular economies (and their supply chains), knowledge systems, ecosystem services, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.